How to install ASP. NET 1. 1 with IIS7 on Vista and Windows 2. How to Install Windows Vista. Want to upgrade your old computer to Windows Vista? Maybe your computer is running slow and you want to wipe it and start from scratch. Walter Oliver. You can use the Web Platform Installer (Web PI) to easily install IIS, and applications that run on IIS. The Web PI is a free, lightweight tool that lets you install IIS and related technologies such as ASP. NET, SQL Server Express, Visual Web Developer, other popular Web applications, and more. Because the Web PI references and links to the latest versions of available Web Platform offerings, with just a few simple clicks you can download and install any new tools or updates. Microsoft.NET Framework 4.5.2 Language Pack (Offline Installer) for Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Server. Windows Vista Service Pack 1 is an update to Windows Vista that addresses key feedback from our customers. SP1 addresses specific reliability and performance issues. You can use the Web Platform Installer (Web PI) to easily install IIS, and applications that run on IIS. The Web PI is a free, lightweight tool that lets you install. To learn more about the Web PI, see Learn more and install the Web PI. You can also install ASP. NET 2. 0 (3. 0 and 3. Windows Vista and Windows 2. ASP. NET component located under IIS- > Word Wide Web Services- > Application Development Features. You can find this set of components in Windows 2. Start, and click Server Manager. Expand the left- hand treeview in Server Manager and click Manage Roles, and then Web Server (IIS). In the right- hand pane look for an option that says Add Role Services. If you're on Windows Vista, click Start, click Control Panel, click Programs, and then Windows Features. Look for the following tree of features under Internet Information Services (IIS): ASP. NET 1. 1 is not included in Windows Vista or Windows 2. This post shows you how: The IIS . Expand the left- hand treeview in Server Manager and click Manage Roles, and then Web Server (IIS).
In the right- hand pane look for an option that says Add Role Services. This takes you to wizard where you can install . Look for Internet Information Services (IIS) and install . Click Run program. Note. If you do not install Framework v. SP1, you may run into Data Execution Prevention errors with messages like . This is expected. Installing . NET Framework v. SP1 will fix this. Step 3: Enable ASP. NET v. 1. 1 ISAPI Extension. Enable ASP. NET v. ISAPI as an allowed ISAPI extension. To do this, open . In the features view, click on the . In the actions pane, click . To make ASP. NET v. IIS configuration sections, open the Framework v. Microsoft. NET\Framework\v. Sections> element: < section name=. To move your site or application into this application pool using IIS Manager, please see our online documentation. You can also do this from the command line by navigating to the %windir%\system. You can also do this from the command line by navigating to the %windir%\system.
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Caption: Artificial Intelligence and Cybernetics are widely misunderstood to be the same thing. However, they differ in many dimensions. For example, Artificial Intelligence (AI) grew from a desire to make computers smart, whether smart like humans or just smart in some other way. Cybernetics grew from a desire to understand and build systems that can achieve goals, whether complex human goals or just goals like maintaining the temperature of a room under changing conditions. But behind the differences between each domain (. For example, AI (left) presumes that value lies in understanding . Cybernetics (right) holds that it is only necessary and only possible to be coupled to the world sufficiently to achieve goals, that is, to gain feedback in order to correct actions to achieve a goal. Thus, while both fields must have clear and inter- consistent concepts such as representation, memory, reality, and epistemology (middle), there are more differences than similarities. Try this introductory video. Cybernetics is about having a goal and taking action to achieve that goal. Knowing whether you have reached your goal (or at least are getting closer to it) requires “feedback”, a concept that was made rigorous by cybernetics. From the Greek, “cybernetics” evolved into Latin as “governor”. Draw your own conclusions. When did cybernetics begin? Cybernetics as a process operating in nature has been around for a long time; actually, for as long as nature has been around. Cybernetics as a concept in society has been around at least since Plato used it to refer to government. Audacity and Windows Vista. The current Audacity version fully supports Windows Vista. It is particularly important that you use the current version for Windows. Revista Român We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. These are our values and principles. His sub- title was “control and communication in the animal and machine”. This was important because it connects control (actions taken in hope of achieving goals) with communication (connection and information flow between the actor and the environment). So, Wiener is pointing out that effective action requires communication. Later, Gordon Pask offered conversation as the core interaction of systems that have goals. Wiener’s sub- title also states that both animals (biological systems) and machines (non- biological or “artificial” systems) can operate according to cybernetic principles. This was an explicit recognition that both living and non- living systems can have purpose. A scary idea in 1. What's the connection between “cybernetics” and “cyberspace”? William Gibson, who popularized the term “cyberspace”, said this in a 1. Cyber' is from the Greek word for navigator. Norbert Wiener coined 'cybernetics' around 1. The published text was (c) Macmillan Publishing while incorporating a figure created for an earlier purpose.
Over time, updates, extensions, and clarifications have been incorporated into the text above. Or, isn't one about computers and the other about robots? The answer to these questions is emphatically, No. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence (AI) use computer technology to build intelligent machines; they consider implementation (that is, working examples) as the most important result. Practitioners of cybernetics use models of organizations, feedback, goals, and conversation to understand the capacity and limits of any system (technological, biological, or social); they consider powerful descriptions as the most important result. The field of AI first flourished in the 1. Minsky 1. 96. 7), the cultural view of the brain as a computer, and the availability of digital computing machines came together to paint a future where computers were at least as smart as humans. The field of cybernetics came into being in the late 1. Wiener 1. 94. 8) were generalized from specific applications in engineering to systems in general, including systems of living organisms, abstract intelligent processes, and language. Origins of “cybernetics”The term itself began its rise to popularity in 1. Norbert Wiener used it to name a discipline apart from, but touching upon, such established disciplines as electrical engineering, mathematics, biology, neurophysiology, anthropology, and psychology. Wiener, Arturo Rosenblueth, and Julian Bigelow needed a name for their new discipline, and they adapted a Greek word meaning “the art of steering” to evoke the rich interaction of goals, predictions, actions, feedback, and response in systems of all kinds (the term “governor” derives from the same root) (Wiener 1. Early applications in the control of physical systems (aiming artillery, designing electrical circuits, and maneuvering simple robots) clarified the fundamental roles of these concepts in engineering; but the relevance to social systems and the softer sciences was also clear from the start. Many researchers from the 1. R. Buckminster Fuller) but many less obviously (Gregory Bateson, Margaret Mead). Limits to knowing. In working to derive functional models common to all systems, early cybernetic researchers quickly realized that their “science of observed systems” cannot be divorced from “a science of observing systems”—because it is we who observe (von Foerster 1. The cybernetic approach is centrally concerned with this unavoidable limitation of what we can know: our own subjectivity. In this way cybernetics is aptly called “applied epistemology”. At minimum, its utility is the production of useful descriptions, and, specifically, descriptions that include the observer in the description. The shift of interest in cybernetics from “observed systems”—physical systems such as thermostats or complex auto- pilots—to “observing systems” — language- oriented systems such as science or social systems—explicitly incorporates the observer into the description, while maintaining a foundation in feedback, goals, and information. It applies the cybernetic frame to the process of cybernetics itself. This shift is often characterized as a transition from 'first- order cybernetics' to ’second- order cybernetics. Cybernetic descriptions of psychology, language, arts, performance, or intelligence (to name a few) may be quite different from more conventional, hard “scientific” views—although cybernetics can be rigorous too. Implementation may then follow in software and/or hardware, or in the design of social, managerial, and other classes of interpersonal systems. Origins of AI in cybernetics. Ironically but logically, AI and cybernetics have each gone in and out of fashion and influence in the search for machine intelligence. Cybernetics started in advance of AI, but AI dominated between 1. These difficulties in AI led to renewed search for solutions that mirror prior approaches of cybernetics. Warren Mc. Culloch and Walter Pitts were the first to propose a synthesis of neurophysiology and logic that tied the capabilities of brains to the limits of Turing computability (Mc. Culloch & Pitts 1. The euphoria that followed spawned the field of AI (Lettvin 1. However the fashion of symbolic computing rose to squelch perceptron research in the 1. However this is not to say that current fashion in neural nets is a return to where cybernetics has been. Much of the modern work in neural nets rests in the philosophical tradition of AI and not that of cybernetics. Philosophy of cybernetics. AI is predicated on the presumption that knowledge is a commodity that can be stored inside of a machine, and that the application of such stored knowledge to the real world constitutes intelligence (Minsky 1. Only within such a “realist” view of the world can, for example, semantic networks and rule- based expert systems appear to be a route to intelligent machines. Cybernetics in contrast has evolved from a “constructivist” view of the world (von Glasersfeld 1. Winograd & Flores 1. These differences are not merely semantic in character, but rather determine fundamentally the source and direction of research performed from a cybernetic, versus an AI, stance. However, they differ in many dimensions. For example, Artificial Intelligence (AI) grew from a desire to make computers smart, whether smart like humans or just smart in some other way. Cybernetics grew from a desire to understand and build systems that can achieve goals, whether complex human goals or just goals like maintaining the temperature of a room under changing conditions. But behind the differences between each domain (. For example, AI (left) presumes that value lies in understanding . Cybernetics (right) holds that it is only necessary and only possible to be coupled to the world sufficiently to achieve goals, that is, to gain feedback in order to correct actions to achieve a goal. Thus, while both fields must have clear and inter- consistent concepts such as representation, memory, reality, and epistemology (middle), there are more differences than similarities. Underlying philosophical differences between AI and cybernetics are displayed by showing how they each construe the terms in the central column. For example, the concept of “representation” is understood quite differently in the two fields. Relations on the left are causal arrows and reflect the reductionist reasoning inherent in AI’s “realist” perspective that via our nervous systems we discover the- world- as- it- is. Relations on the right are non- hierarchical and circular to reflect a “constructivist” perspective, where the world is invented (in contrast to being discovered) by an intelligence acting in a social tradition and creating shared meaning via hermeneutic (circular, self- defining) processes. The implications of these differences are very great and touch on recent efforts to reproduce the brain (Hawkins 2. IBM/EPFL 2. 00. 4) which maintain roots in the paradigm of “brain as computer”. These approaches hold the same limitations of digital symbolic computing and are neither likely to explain, nor to reproduce, the functioning of the nervous system. Influences. Winograd and Flores credit the influence of Humberto Maturana, a biologist who recasts the concepts of “language”and “living system” with a cybernetic eye (Maturana & Varela 1. Windows Vista - Wikipedia. Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn. Development was completed on 8 November 2. On 3. 0 January 2. It was succeeded by Windows 7, which was released to manufacturing on 2. July 2. 00. 9 and released worldwide for retail on 2. October 2. 00. 9. New features of Windows Vista include an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Aero, a new search component called Windows Search, redesigned networking, audio, print and display sub- systems, and new multimedia tools such as Windows DVD Maker. Vista aimed to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network, using peer- to- peer technology to simplify sharing files and media between computers and devices. Windows Vista included version 3. NET Framework, allowing software developers to write applications without traditional Windows APIs. Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista was to improve the state of security in the Windows operating system. In light of this, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced in early 2. Criticism of Windows Vista has targeted its high system requirements, its more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of, then, new DRM technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, lack of compatibility with some pre- Vista hardware and software, longer boot time, and the number of authorization prompts for User Account Control. As a result of these and other issues, Windows Vista had seen initial adoption and satisfaction rates lower than Windows XP. It was originally expected to ship sometime late in 2. Windows XP and Blackcomb, which was planned to be the company's next major operating system release. Gradually, . In some builds of Longhorn, their license agreement said . Many of Microsoft's developers were also re- tasked to build updates to Windows XP and Windows Server 2. Faced with ongoing delays and concerns about feature creep, Microsoft announced on 2. August 2. 00. 4, that it had revised its plans. For this reason, Longhorn was reset to start work on componentizing the Windows Server 2. Service Pack 1 codebase, and over time re- incorporating the features that would be intended for an actual operating system release. However, some previously announced features such as Win. FS were dropped or postponed, and a new software development methodology called the Security Development Lifecycle was incorporated in an effort to address concerns with the security of the Windows codebase, which is programmed in C, C++ and assembly. Longhorn became known as Vista in 2. During this period, Microsoft was fairly quiet about what was being worked on, as their marketing and public relations focus was more strongly focused on Windows XP, and Windows Server 2. April 2. 00. 3. Occasional builds of Longhorn were leaked onto popular file sharing networks such as IRC, Bit. Torrent, e. Donkey and various newsgroups, and so most of what is known about builds prior to the first sanctioned development release of Longhorn in May 2. After several months of relatively little news or activity from Microsoft with Longhorn, Microsoft released Build 4. Internet around 2. February 2. 00. 3. As an evolutionary release over build 3. An optional . The incorporation of the Plex theme made blue the dominant color of the entire application. The Windows XP- style task pane was almost completely replaced with a large horizontal pane that appeared under the toolbars. A new search interface allowed for filtering of results, searching of Windows help, and natural- language queries that would be used to integrate with Win. FS. The animated search characters were also removed. File metadata was also made more visible and more easily editable, with more active encouragement to fill out missing pieces of information. Also of note was the conversion of Windows Explorer to being a . NET application. Most builds of Longhorn and Vista were identified by a label that was always displayed in the bottom- right corner of the desktop. A typical build label would look like . Higher build numbers did not automatically mean that the latest features from every development team at Microsoft was included. Typically, a team working on a certain feature or subsystem would generate their own working builds which developers would test with, and when the code was deemed stable, all the changes would be incorporated back into the main development tree at once. At Microsoft, a number of . The name of the lab in which any given build originated is shown as part of the build label, and the date and time of the build follows that. Some builds (such as Beta 1 and Beta 2) only display the build label in the version information dialog (Winver). The icons used in these builds are from Windows XP. At the Windows Hardware Engineering Conference (Win. HEC) in May 2. 00. Microsoft gave their first public demonstrations of the new Desktop Window Manager and Aero. The demonstrations were done on a revised build 4. A number of sessions for developers and hardware engineers at the conference focused on these new features, as well as the Next- Generation Secure Computing Base (previously known as . Also at this conference, Microsoft reiterated their roadmap for delivering Longhorn, pointing to an . Internally, some Microsoft employees were describing the Longhorn project as . It offered only a limited subset of features planned for Longhorn, in particular fast file searching and integrated graphics and sound processing, but appeared to have impressive reliability and performance compared to contemporary Longhorn builds. Allchin went on to explain how in December 2. Brian Valentine and Amitabh Srivastava, the former being experienced with shipping software at Microsoft, most notably Windows Server 2. Future Longhorn builds would start from Windows Server 2. Service Pack 1 and continue from there. This change, announced internally to Microsoft employees on 2. August 2. 00. 4, began in earnest in September, though it would take several more months before the new development process and build methodology would be used by all of the development teams. A number of complaints came from individual developers, and Bill Gates himself, that the new development process was going to be prohibitively difficult to work within. As Windows Vista. By approximately November 2. In the end, Microsoft chose Windows Vista as confirmed on 2. July 2. 00. 5, believing it to be a . That's what Windows Vista is all about: . In September of that year, Microsoft started releasing regular Community Technology Previews (CTP) to beta testers from July 2. February 2. 00. 6. The first of these was distributed at the 2. Microsoft Professional Developers Conference, and was subsequently released to beta testers and Microsoft Developer Network subscribers. The builds that followed incorporated most of the planned features for the final product, as well as a number of changes to the user interface, based largely on feedback from beta testers. Windows Vista was deemed feature- complete with the release of the . Beta 2, released in late May, was the first build to be made available to the general public through Microsoft's Customer Preview Program. It was downloaded by over five million people. Two release candidates followed in September and October, both of which were made available to a large number of users. The UEFI 2. 0 specification (which replaces EFI 1. Microsoft's announcement, no firmware manufacturers had completed a production implementation which could be used for testing. As a result, the decision was made to postpone the introduction of UEFI support to Windows; support for UEFI on 6. Vista Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2. UEFI would not be supported, as Microsoft does not expect many such systems to be built as the market moves to 6. Because a release to manufacturing (RTM) build is the final version of code shipped to retailers and other distributors, the purpose of a pre- RTM build is to eliminate any last . Thus, it is unlikely that any major new features would be introduced; instead, work would focus on Vista's . In just a few days, developers had managed to drop Vista's bug count from over 2. September to just over 1. RC2 shipped in early October. However, they still had a way to go before Vista was ready to RTM. Microsoft's internal processes required Vista's bug count to drop to 5. RTM. During a demonstration of the speech recognition feature new to Windows Vista at Microsoft's Financial Analyst Meeting on 2. July 2. 00. 6, the software recognized the phrase . After several failed attempts to correct the error, the sentence eventually became . On 1. 6 November 2. Microsoft made the final build available to MSDN and Technet Plus subscribers. Laptop users report, however, that enabling Aero shortens battery life. A search box appears in every Explorer window. The address bar has been replaced with a breadcrumb navigation bar. Icons of certain file types in Windows Explorer are . The preview pane allows users to see thumbnails of various files and view the contents of documents. The details pane shows information such as file size and type, and allows viewing and editing of embedded tags in supported file formats. The Start menu has changed as well; incorporating an instant search box, and the All Programs list uses a horizontal scroll bar instead of the cascading flyout menu seen in Windows XP. Gadgets can also be placed on the desktop. IE7 in Windows Vista runs in isolation from other applications in the operating system (protected mode); exploits and malicious software are restricted from writing to any location beyond Temporary Internet Files without explicit user consent. Windows Media Player 1. Microsoft's program for playing and organizing music and video. New features in this version include word wheeling (incremental search or . Illinois County Map, Illinois Counties, Map of Counties in Illinois. Illinois is home to and most of them were named after the prominent leaders of the United States. Illinois Zip Codes Map with Counties and Cities. American Revolutionary War and the soldiers from the War of 1. Battle of Tippecanoe. Besides, one will also find several counties that got their names from either natural features or from counties of other states. The Douglas County was named after Stephen A. Douglas while the Calhoun County got its name from John C. There are handful of counties that got their names from Southerners, emphasizing the fact that the state was a part of Virginia for some time and was inhabited by this tribe. However, there aren’t any counties named post the Northern leaders of the Civil War. Some of the counties of Illinois are cited below: Calhoun County: This narrow peninsula is located between the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. The county got its name from John C. Calhoun and was organized in the year 1. The county carves a niche for its apples and peaches and its county seat lies in Hardin. The adjacent counties are Jersey County, Lincoln County (Missouri), Pike County (Illinois), St. Enjoy recreational boating on lakes and rivers throughout the Forest Preserves. Whether you have your own boat or are looking to get out on the water for the first. Cook County was created on January 15, 1831, out of Putnam County by an act of the Illinois General Assembly. It was the 54th county established in Illinois. Key Zip or Address or click on the map. Zip Layer Advertisement. County Boundary Maps Adams County Alexander County Bond County Boone County Brown County Bureau. Lookup area code 708 on the 708 area code map in Illinois plus get the timezone and current time. Lookup the name and address of any phone number in area code 708. Charles County (Missouri), Greene County, and Pike County (Missouri). The major attractions of this county are: Calhoun County Barn Quilts, Joe Page Bridge, Brussels Visitors Center, Brussels Ferry, and Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge. For education, one can count on options like Calhoun City High School, Calhoun City Middle, Calhoun City Elementary, Bruce High School, Bruce Elementary and Upper Elementary School, Vardaman High School, and Vardaman Elementary. Adams County: The County is located in west central region of Illinois and the major population resides in the Quincy city. The county was formed in 1. John Quincy Adams. The “Gem City” of Illinois – Quincy is its county seat. In 1. 95. 0, the courthouse was introduced, but then a wide- ranging project was accomplished by 1.
On a trip to the Adams County, some of the must see attractions, include Adams County Fair,, Bayview Bridge, Burton Cave, Fall Creek Scenic Park, Golden Windmill, John Wood Mansion, Saukenauk Scout Reservation, Siloam Springs State Park, Spirit Knob Winery, Villa Katharine, Wavering Park, Quincy Community Theater, etc. James Lutheran School, Quincy Christian School, Blessed Sacrament Catholic School, St. Dominic Catholic School, St. Francis Solanus Catholic School, Quincy Notre Dame High School, St. Peter Catholic School, Blessing- Rieman College of Nursing, John Wood Community College, and Quincy University. Boone County: The county was formed from Winnebago County in the year 1. Daniel Boone, a pioneer of Kentucky. Belvidere city is its county seat. The county is bordered by Rock County on the north, De. Kalb County on the south, Mc. Henry County on the east, and Winnebago County on the west. This is the smallest among the . The Belvidere Community School District houses over 8,4. Besides, the district also includes seven elementary schools, two senior high schools, two middle schools and one special education school. On the other hand, the North Boone Community School District serves the areas of Capron, Caledonia, Poplar Grove, and non- integrated Boone County. It is home to nearly 1,8. Douglas County: This County lies east of the state’s central location and is stretched across an approximate area of 4. Tuscola city is its county seat. The county was organized in the year 1. Stephen A. The adjacent counties are Champaign County, Vermilion County, Edgar County, Coles County, Moultrie County, and Piatt County. Some of the attractions that are worth visiting on tour to Douglas County are Douglas Hart Nature Center and the Douglas County Museum. For higher education, the county offers a wealth of options like Arcola High School, Arcola; Arthur Junior- Senior High School, Arthur; Tuscola High School, Tuscola; and Villa Grove High School, Villa Grove. WBSR1. 20. 81. 4Last Updated on: May 2. Windows problems and solutions. It's a sad fact of life that no Windows PC performs faultlessly over time. Many of these problems are outside your control, but others can be introduced through user error. It doesn't matter how much simpler Microsoft makes Windows with each successive release: problems, glitches and bugs will always be a part of it. Each month PC magazine from Future Publishing answer dozens of reader questions, so we've trawled our extensive archives and dug out 5. Windows problems. If you have a Windows Vista machine, it’s best to update to Windows 7 to get the full benefit of ReadyBoost. Also, with Windows 7, you can format the flash media in. Computer dictionary definition for what Windows Vista means including related links, information, and terms. Quick fixes for problems in XP, Vista and Windows 7. WinHlp32.exe is required to display 32-bit Help files that have the ".hlp" file name extension. To view.hlp files on Windows 8.1, you need to install this application. Where possible we avoid referring to software that promises to fix these; these . Instead we try to concentrate on explaining how to fix various problems using only the tools in Windows itself.
Missing Taskbar icons. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If icons have disappeared from the Taskbar's notification area, there are two things to try: first, press the Windows key and . If the problem persists in XP, and you can live without it, open the Add or Remove Programs Control Panel, click Add/Remove Windows Components, expand Networking Services, and untick . Then click OK > Next. PC won't sleep. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If your PC won't stay asleep it's often because a device is configured to bring it out of standby when triggered. Identify the culprit by pressing the Windows key and . Find any devices listed earlier, then double- click them and look for an Advanced or Power Management tab. Check if the device is allowed to bring the PC out of standby – if it is, untick all the boxes that wake it. Click OK, close Device Manager and test it worked; repeat the process if necessary. Quick fixes Version: XP, Vista, 7. Microsoft has developed the Fix It Center tool, which includes all of the automated fixes for various Windows problems it has released over the last few years. Download and install it from http: // fixitcenter. A list of available troubleshooters for your version of Windows will be listed; if one describes the problem you're having then click the Run button next to it and see if it can resolve your problem. Remove printer drivers Version: XP, Vista. To ensure all traces of an old printer are removed from your PC, open Printers or Printers and Faxes. Right- click blank space in the Printers Control Panel and choose Server Properties (in XP) or Run as Administrator > Server Properties > Continue (in Vista). Switch to the Driver tab – if your driver is still present, select it and click Remove. If you're using Vista you should leave . Click OK followed by Yes > Close. Verify system files. Version: XP, Vista, 7. The System File Checker (SFC) tool enables you to scan for – and replace – corrupt and missing fi les. If you use XP you can use it to scan your entire drive, while in Vista and Windows 7 it can verify individual fi les and folders too. If you have an installation CD, keep it handy in case it's needed. Step 1. In Windows XP Click Start > Run, type . Have your installation CD handy in case you're asked for it. Step 2. Vista and Windows 7 Click Start, type . Scan and replace Alternatively, type . Program compatibility problems. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If you have issues with a program check its website or Google the program's name, version number and your version of Windows to see if there are any issues with it. Avoid installing system software not listed as compatible with your version of Windows, otherwise try installing it as normal; if it fails, Windows 7 may offer to apply compatibility settings to it – see if these work. If the program installs but won't run, right- click its program shortcut and choose Properties > Compatibility Settings. Select your old version of Windows from the list and click OK. If this fails, try ticking . PC keeps rebooting after Windows Update. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If your PC gets stuck in a cycle of rebooting during the update process, you need to undo the updates using System Restore. If your computer came without a Windows disc, look for an option to access recovery options, or tap . In both cases, when the menu appears, choose System Restore to undo the update. System Restore not working. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If you're having problems restoring your computer to an earlier state, try booting into Safe Mode (tap . Windows Media Player missing songs. Version: XP, Vista, 7. Tracks missing from Windows Media Player? Try clicking Start > All Programs > Accessories. If you're using XP you should select the Command Prompt, or in Vista or Windows 7 right- click it and choose Run as Administrator. Switch to the folder containing your music using the cd command (for example, cd music cd my documents\my music), then type . Action Center. Version: 7. Click the flag icon in the Taskbar's notification area to access the Action Center. Here you can get an at- a- glance look at problems, plus launch a series of troubleshooters to help quickly fix the problems that plague you, without getting your hands dirty. Show printer ink levels. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If you've just upgraded to a new version of Windows and can't access your printer's ink levels, the bad news is that Windows installed a basic driver without the function. Check the manufacturer's site for a dedicated driver and – if it exists – install that. Fix Windows driver problems Version: XP, Vista, 7. Most hardware problems can be traced to the drivers, the software that enables them to work with Windows. When it comes to tracking down problems, the first port of call should be Windows' own Device Manager – here's how to troubleshoot problems using this useful tool. Step 1. Open Device Manager Press . Look for yellow exclamation marks next to troublesome hardware devices and double- click one. Step 2. Get error details Look on the General tab for an error code and description of the problem – if a troubleshoot button is present, click it to see if you can fi x the problem easily. Step 3. Search online If no fix is forthcoming, use the error details as part of your web search – try a general search first, then add your hardware's make and model if necessary. Resolve Ready. Boost conflict Version: Vista, 7. Your PC can only use one Ready. Boost device at a time, and some computers come with built- in flash memory already configured for use with Ready. Boost. To resolve this conflict click Start, rightclick Computer and select Manage, then under Storage choose . Look for a program called Intel Turbo Memory Console (type . Folder settings not remembered. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If you find you can no longer customise folders to look and behave how you want, the solution involves some editing of with two Registry subkeys – Bag. MRU and Bags – which are found in two separate locations: Shell and Shell. No. Roam under HKEY? No problem, just open the Microsoft Fix It Center tool (see tip three) and run the . This will do the hard work for you. PC keeps rebooting. Version: XP, Vista, 7. If your PC restarts unexpectedly after briefly displaying a blue screen, then it's encountered a STOP error. If this keeps occurring you need to identify it. In Vista and Windows 7 you can stop Windows automatically restarting from the Windows boot menu that should appear; if you use XP click Start, right- click My Computer and select Properties > Advanced tab. Click Settings under . Then search the web for these terms to hopefully find a solution. Blocked startup programs Version: XP, Vista, 7. If you get this message after starting Windows, it means one of the programs set to start with it is attempting to work with elevated privileges. This is symptomatic of older programs, so either source an update or an alternative program if you can. Right- click the message, choose . Then click Continue when prompted. Fix file- sharing problems Version: XP, Vista, 7. Verify your PCs are on the same network – wireless or wired – and all on the same workgroup (click Start, right- click Computer and select Properties; in XP you need the Computer Name tab). Is File and Printer Sharing enabled? Check from the Network and Sharing Center in Vista/Windows 7 – ensure your network is Home or Work. In Windows 7 click Choose homegroup and sharing options > Change advanced sharing settings; in XP right- click a folder and choose Properties > Sharing tab. Disable password protected filesharing in Vista or Windows 7 if sharing with PCs running XP, and check your firewall has placed your network in a trusted zone. Access denied error on system files. Version: XPNot long ago dealing with . Low memory error Version: XP, Vista, 7. Fix this problem by making sure Windows is set to handle your virtual memory settings; open the System Control Panel and either click . You need to verify that either . No sound in Windows Version: XP, Vista, 7. Before running the Microsoft Fix It Center tool (see tip three), open the . Create a repair disc Version: 7. If your PC didn't come with a Windows installation disc, click Start, type . Where's GPEDIT? Version: XP, Vista. If you're running one of the Home editions of Windows, you'll find the gpedit. If you're instructed to fix a problem using this tool and you're running Windows XP, visit here to find the equivalent setting in the Registry. Alternatively, for the Home edition of Vista you can download an Excel spreadsheet with the various settings from here. System Restore problems Version: XP, Vista, 7. Restore points are cumulative in reverse – each new one only saves what's changed – so old points rely on newer ones to work; if one corrupts then all older ones are lost. That means the older a Restore point, the less reliable it is, so avoid using anything but the most recent one. Open Disk Cleanup (Start > All Programs > Accessories > System tools) and – if prompted – choose . On the More Options tab delete all but the newest Restore point. If all else fails, disable System Restore and lose all Restore points, then re- enable it. For XP use the tool here; in Vista and Windows 7 open System Protection, untick all the boxes and click Turn off System Restore > Apply. This guide will take you through the steps in burning a pre-prepared Windows Vista / Windows 7 / Windows 8 installation source directory to a disc.Benchmarked: Ubuntu vs Vista vs Windows 7. In depth: A lot of people have been chattering about the improvements Windows 7 brings for Windows users, but how does it compare to Ubuntu in real- world tests? Windows 8 has been officially launched and the most common problems that are encountered when you use a new OS are related to driver compatibility issues. Whether you plan to upgrade your Windows XP, Vista or Windows 7 machine to Windows 8 or buy a new PC with Windows 8 pre-installed, you can use Windows Easy. Installing the IME in Windows Vista NEW! How do I install the Japanese IME in Windows 7? To install the Japanese IME in Windows 7, start by opening the Control Panel. Frequently web connection problems can be traced to a corrupted DNS cache. Flushing this cache is an easy fix to many of these problems. This is how to flush the. We put Ubuntu 8. 1. Windows Vista and Windows 7 through their paces in both 3. Ubuntu faces the new contender. And, just for luck, we threw in a few tests using Jaunty Jackalope with ext. When Windows users say that Windows 7 is easier to install than ever, what do they really mean? When they say it's faster, is it just in their heads, or is Microsoft really making big strides forward? And, perhaps most importantly, when Linux benchmarkers show us how screamingly fast ext. These are the questions we wanted to answer, so we asked Dell to provide us with a high- spec machine to give all the operating systems room to perform to their max. Our test machine packed an Intel Core i. GHz with hyperthreading and 8. MB of L3 cache. It also had 6. GB of RAM, plus two 5. GB of hard drives with 1. MB of cache. The tests we wanted to perform for each operating system were: How long does each operating system take to install? How much disk space was used in the standard install? How long does boot up and shutdown take? How long does it take to copy files from USB to HD, and from HD to HD? How fast can it execute the Richards benchmark? We also, just for the heck of it, kept track of how many mouse clicks it took to install each OS. Before we jump into the results, there are a few things we should make clear: To ensure absolute fairness, install time was measured from the moment the computer was turned on until we reached a working desktop. The same computer hardware was used for all tests, and all operating systems were installed fresh for this article. We used the Ultimate versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7, simply because Windows 7 was provided only in this flavour. We used the Windows Vista SP1 disk to accurately reflect what users are likely to experience todaay. Our Windows 7 version is the open beta that Microsoft issued recently. It is probable Windows 7 will be at least this fast in the final build, if not faster. For Ubuntu 9. 0. 4 we used the daily build from January 2. All operating systems were installed using standard options; nothing was changed. After checking how much space was used during the initial install, each operating system was updated with all available patches before any other tests were performed. Our journalistic friends have informed us that Windows Vista (and, presumably, Windows 7 too) has technology to increase the speed of the system over time as it learns to cache programs intelligently. It also allows users to use flash drives to act as temporary storage to boost speed further. None of our tests are likely to show this technology in action, so please take that into account when reading the results. The filesystem, boot, shutdown and Richards benchmarks were performed three times each then averaged. And, of course, there's the most important proviso of all: it is very, very likely that a few tweaks to any of these operating systems could have made a big difference to these results, but we're not too interested in that - these results reflect what you get you install a plain vanilla OS, like most users do. Install time. Amount of time taken to install, from machine being turned on to working desktop. Measured in seconds; less is better. At first glance, you might think that Ubuntu clearly installs far faster than either version of Windows, and while that's true there is one important mitigation: both Windows Vista and Windows 7 run system benchmarks part- way through the installation to determine the computer's capabilities. A bit of a flippant one - just how many mouse clicks does it take to install an OS with the default options? Surprisingly, Ubuntu 8. Windows 7. NB: hopefully it's clear this doesn't make Ubuntu 8. Measured in, er, mouse clicks; fewer is better. Disk space used immediately after a fresh install. Measured in gigabytes; less is better. While some people might complain that we used the Ultimate editions of both Vista and Windows 7, they probably forget that the standard Ubuntu includes software such as an office suite as standard. NB: Vista failed to detect the network card during install, leaving us without an internet connection until a driver was downloaded on another computer. Bootup and shutdown. Boot up time was also measured from the moment the machine was turned on, and the timer was stopped as soon as the desktop was reached. The Dell box does take about 2. POST, but to avoid questions about when to start the timer we just started it as soon as the power button was pressed. Amount of time taken to boot, from machine being turned on to working desktop. Measured in seconds; less is better. The 3. 2- bit version of Windows 7 is the only one to beat the one- minute mark, but that advantage is quickly lost in the switch to 6. Linux has always been rather slow to boot, but as we understand it reducing boot time is one of the goals of the Ubuntu 9. Amount of time taken to shutdown, from button being clicked to machine powering off. Measured in seconds; less is better. Windows lags a little behind the Linuxes, with 6. Windows Vista. IO testing. To test filesystem performance, we ran four tests: copying large files from USB to HD, copying large files from HD to HD, copying small files from USB to HD, and copying small files from HD to HD. The HD to HD tests copied data from one part of the disk to another as opposed to copying to a different disk. For reference, the large file test comprised 3. MB in total; the small file test comprised 2,1. MB in total. Each of these tests were done with write caching disabled to ensure the full write had taken place. Amount of time taken to copy the small files from a USB flash drive to hard disk. Measured in seconds; less is better. Amount of time taken to copy the small files from one place to another on a single hard disk. Measured in seconds; less is better. Let us take this opportunity to remind readers that Windows 7 is still at least nine months from release. Amount of time taken to copy the large files from a USB flash drive to hard disk. Measured in seconds; less is better. Amount of time taken to copy the large files from one place to another on a single hard disk. Measured in seconds; less is better. With the exception of Windows 7 while copying larges files around a hard drive, Windows generally suffered compared to Linux in all of these tests. Obviously Windows does have to worry about some things that Linux doesn't, namely DRM checks, but these figures show a drastic performance difference between the two. Notes: Vista and Windows 7 really seemed to struggle with copying lots of small files, but clearly it's something more than a dodgy driver because some of the large- file speeds are incredible in Windows 7. Both Vista and Windows 7 seemed to introduce random delays when deleting files. For example, about one in three times when deleting the files from our filesystem benchmark, this screen below would appear and do nothing for 2. However, this wasn't part of our benchmark, so isn't included in the numbers above. This was very annoying. Richards benchmark. Notes: This was done using the cross- platform Python port of Richards. For reference, Ubuntu 8. Python 2. 5. 2, Ubuntu 9. Python 2. 5. 4, and we used Python 2. Windows tests. Even though the 6. Linux and Windows don't look that far apart, we have to admit to being very impressed with the Windows tests - the deviation between tests was just 3ms on Vista, and 5ms on Windows 7, compared to 2. Linux. Amount of time taken to execute the Python Richards benchmark. Measured in milliseconds; less is better. It's clear from that graph that having a 6. OS can make a real difference in compute- intensive tasks, but it's not too pleasing to see Windows pip Linux to the post in nearly all results. Switching to ext. All the Linux benchmarks above were done using ext. Well, not a lot. Boot, shutdown and filesystem tests for Ubuntu 9. Measured in seconds; less is better. Although there's no difference in shutdown speed, the boot time using ext. We can probably discount the the USB to HD tests simply out of error margin, which leaves the HD to HD tests, and there we find a very healthy boost: 3. Our tests also showed an improvement in the large file test, but it's not as marked. Conclusions. Benchmarks are always plagued with questions, uncertainties, error margins and other complexities, which is why we're not going to try to look too deeply into these figures. Obviously we're Linux users ourselves, but our tests have shown that there are some places where Windows 7 really is making some improvement and that's good for competition in the long term. However, Linux isn't sitting still: with ext. Sadly it looks like Ubuntu 9. Linux boxes will either have to fiddle with the default options, have patience, or jump ship to Fedora - which will be switching to ext. You should follow us on Identi. Crash Bandicoot (video game) - Wikipedia. Crash Bandicoot is a platformvideo game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the Play. Station. A remastered version, included in the Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy collection, is scheduled for release on the Play. Station 4 in 2. 01. Crash Bandicoot is the first installment in the Crash Bandicoot series, chronicling the creation of the title character at the hands of series antagonist Doctor Neo Cortex and henchman Doctor Nitrus Brio. The story follows Crash as he aims to prevent Brio and Cortex's plans for world domination, and rescue his girlfriend Tawna, a female bandicoot also evolved by Brio and Cortex. Crash Bandicoot received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the game's graphics and unique visual style, but criticized its controls and the game's lack of innovation as a platform game. The game went on to sell over 6 million units, making it the eighth best- selling Play. Station game of all time. Breaking crates often rewards the player with Wumpa Fruit. When 1. 00 Wumpa Fruit are collected, the player earns an extra life. Crash Bandicoot is a platform game in which players control the titular character, Crash, as he traverses several levels in sequence in order to progress. Crash is able to defeat enemies by either jumping on them or using a spinning attack that launches them. Crash will lose a life if he is hit by an enemy or obstacle, or falls into a bottomless pit. Crash can protect himself by collecting Aku Aku masks, which protect Crash from a single hit from an enemy or obstacle (but not pits or other instant- death obstacles). Crash can hold onto two masks at a time and, upon collecting a third mask, will gain temporary invincibility. The game ends when the player runs out of lives, with more lives earned by finding extra life items or by collecting 1. Wumpa Fruit. Certain crates, including steel platform crates, are invisible, requiring the player to hit an exclamation box to make them tangible. Additional gems can be obtained through hidden levels or alternate routes, and some gems are required to access new areas. Collecting all gems in the game allows the player to reach its true ending. The main antagonist is Doctor Neo Cortex, a mad scientist who was often ridiculed by the scientific community for his outlandish theories and is now motivated to prove his tormentors wrong by creating a mutated army of animals to conquer the world. Commandos Behind Enemy Lines Vista 64 UpdatesCortex's henchman is Doctor Nitrus Brio, the insecure creator of the Evolvo- Ray. Crash's love interest is Tawna, a female bandicoot about to undergo experimentation by the doctors. Helping Crash in his journey is an ancient witch doctor spirit by the name of Aku Aku, who has scattered masks of himself throughout the islands to grant Crash special invincibility powers. The boss characters of the game include Papu Papu, an obese and short- tempered chief of the native village; Ripper Roo, a demented kangaroo with razor- sharp toenails; Koala Kong, a muscular but unintelligent koala; and Pinstripe Potoroo, Doctor Cortex's tommy gun- wielding bodyguard. Levels are typically set in tribesmen's villages, fortresses or beaches. Levels on the third island feature much more industrial settings, including a large power plant and a castle. They experiment on Crash, a peaceful bandicoot who Cortex intends to be the leader of his growing military of animal soldiers. Sanity Island. Wumpa Island, hosting a large tree, has been long abandoned and there is nothing more than a jungle. Crash manages to cross the river and, after avoiding contact with his razor- sharp toenails, knocks Ripper Roo out cold beside a waterfall. Brio uses chemicals to mutate himself into a monster. While Crash is successful in defeating Brio, the castle laboratory catches chemical fire during the struggle. Crash escapes to Cortex's airship, where he confronts Cortex himself as the castle burns. Tawna embraces Crash as the two escape the burning castle on Cortex's airship. During the trip, Gavin and Rubin studied arcade games intensely and noticed that racing, fighting and shooting games had begun making a transition into full 3. D rendering. Sensing opportunity, they turned to their favorite video game genre, the character- based action- platform game, and asked themselves what a three- dimensional version of such a game would be like. The rough game theory was designed near Colorado. Soon afterward, Gavin and Rubin threw out their previous game design for Al O. Saurus and Dinestein, a side- scrolling video game based on time travel and scientists genetically merged with dinosaurs. Deciding that the 3. DO Interactive Multiplayer, Atari Jaguar, Sega 3. X, and Sega Saturn were unsatisfactory options due to poor sales and . Why Economictimes QnA Ask. Here you can Ask a question, Answer a question or even Debate an answer. It is the place to exchange knowledge nuggets with a. Air Command 3.0 2001 Air Command 3.0 is a simulation that is designed to put gamers in the anxious position of an air traffic controller. Using radio communications. The team purchased a field guide on Tasmanian mammals and selected the wombat, potoroo, and bandicoot as options. Gavin and Rubin went with . The name was never meant to be final due both to the name sounding . The character was effectively a bandicoot by October 1. It was decided that the main character would be mute because past voices for video game characters were considered to be . Gavin idealized an . Rubin, having become fond of the animated television series Pinky and the Brain, imagined a . After Gavin performed a . Pearson and Zembillas would meet with Naughty Dog weekly to create the characters and environments of the game. Pearson aimed for an organic, overgrown look to the game and worked to completely avoid straight lines and 9. In January 1. 99. Rubin became concerned about the programmer- to- artist ratio and hired Bob Rafei and Taylor Kurosaki as additional artists. Naughty Dog's artists were tasked with making the best use of textures and reducing the amount of geometry. Dark and light elements were juxtaposed to create visual interest and separate geometry. Crash Bandicoot is a platform video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. A remastered version, included in. Commandos 1 Behind The Enemy Lines Highly Compressed Free Download PC Game Full Version Game Cover Game Info Gameplay Game Trailer Screenshot System Requirement. The Japanese had the Fastest Large Seaplanes in WW2, but American Large Seaplanes Could Land in the Open Ocean To Refuel http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html. Commandos 2 is a sequel to the original real-time strategy games Commandos: Behind Enemy Lines and Commandos: Beyond the Call of Duty. As in these earlier games. About This Game Captain eight highly detailed vessels and explore famous European ports including Dover, Rostock and the bay of Gibraltar. Larger vessels will break. The Special Air Service Regiment, officially abbreviated SASR though commonly known as the SAS, is a special forces unit of the Australian Army. The artists would squint when sketching, texturing, and playing the levels to make sure they could be played by light value alone. They ensured to use color correctly by choosing mutually accentuating colors as the theme for the . The interior of Cortex's castle was designed to reflect the inside of his mind. Rubin pointed out that since the polygons on the characters were just a few pixels in size, shaded characters would look better than textured ones. Thus, polygons were emphasized over textures; this was advantageous in that it allowed the programmers more polygons to work with and allowed them to work around the Play. Station's lack of texture correction or polygon clipping. To give the game more of a resemblance to an animated cartoon, vertex animation was implemented rather than the standard skeletal animation with . Because the Play. Station was unable to match this at runtime, the location of every vertex was stored in every frame at 3. Gavin, Baggett, and Cerny attempted to invent assembly language vertex compressors for this manner of animation; Cerny's version was the most successful and the most complicated. Following experimentation in free- roaming camera control, the team settled with a branching rail camera that would follow along next to, behind, or in front of the character, generally looking at him, moving on a . Because only 8. 00 polygons could be visible on the screen at a time, parts of the game's landscape would be hidden from view using trees, cliffs, walls, and twists and turns in the environment. Because the production used an entirely Silicon Graphics and IRIX- based tool pipeline, the programmers used $1. Silicon Graphics workstations instead of the $3,0. Gavin created an algorithmic texture packer that would deal with the fact that the 5. Meanwhile, Baggett created bidirectional 1. Play. Station's 2- megabyte random access memory. The levels proved to be so large that the first test level created could not be loaded into Alias Power. Animator and had to be cut up into 1. Each chunk took about 1. To remedy the situation, Baggett created the DLE, a level design tool where component parts of a level were entered into a text file, with a series of Adobe Photoshop layers indicating how the parts were combined. During the summer of 1. Cortex factory levels to experiment on this goal; the mechanical setting allowed the team to forego the complex and organic forest designs and distill the two- axis gameplay in an attempt to make it fun. Their first two successful levels (. After working on those three levels, the first successful jungle- themed level (later titled . From that point forward, two to three levels would be created for each level theme featured, with the first level featuring an introductory set of challenges and later levels adding new obstacles (such as dropping and moving platforms in the second jungle- themed level) to increase the difficulty. Additionally, test players were solving the game's puzzles too fast. In an attempt to remedy this, the . The first few crates were placed in the game six hours later, and many more would be placed during the following days. The producer of Universal Interactive proposed that rather than conventional music, an . When this proposal was rejected, David Siller introduced the team to the music production company Mutato Muzika and its founder Mark Mothersbaugh. Mothersbaugh advised Mancell throughout the soundtrack's demo stages, after which all composition duties of Crash Bandicoot and Naughty Dog's subsequent six titles were delegated to Mancell. Mouse on Mars, A Guy Called Gerald, Aphex Twin and Juan Atkins served as influences on Mancell's . In addition, there were leaked copies of the temporary box cover and press materials for the Electronic Entertainment Expo, upon which the Naughty Dog logo, in violation of the contract between Naughty Dog and Universal Interactive, was omitted. In response, Jason Rubin drafted and printed 1,0. Beforehand, Rubin passed out the flyers . |
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